Regulator



E. L. HARDER Dec. 28, 1937.

REGULATOR 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 Filed March 20, 1937 R O T N E V N WITNESSES: 9%. file Dec. 28, 1937. E H RD R 2,103,782

REGULATOR Filed March 20, 1937 v2 Sheets-Sheet 2 5 a: 35 as 4/ 6'2 373% JUULLQ hi I 98 WITNESSES: INVENTOR L fdW/h L fiardek 5 {79 1 6 Q TT p\ Patented Dec. 28, 1937 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE REGULATOR L. Harder, Forest Hills, Pa., assignor to Westinghouse Electric & Manufacturing Company, East Pittsburgh, Pa., a corporation of Fennsylvania Application March 20, 1937, Serial No. 132,071

9 Claims. (01. 171-229) My invention relates to regulating systems, through conductor 32, a part of the resistor secand particularly to such'syst ems for controlling tion I5, contact member l9, conductor 33, field the excitation of an exciter generator over a winding l4, conductor 34, conducting segment large range. 26, contact member 25, conducting segment 21 One object of my invention is the provision of and conductors 35 and 36 to the opposite termia regulator system provided with field resistance nal of the armature winding l3. This circuit connections capable of reducing the field current is diagrammatically illustrated in Fig. 2, it being of a regulated machine to zero or to negative noted that within the range of movement of the values. contact member l9 along the contact buttons Another object of my invention is the provi- 11 associated with the resistor section l5, the 10 sion of a regulator system of the above indicated contact member 25 bridges the conducting segcharacter having the advantage of the high ments 26 and 21 to shunt the resistor section l6 economy characteristic of a series rheostatic regfrom the field winding circuit. Within this ulator at high excitation currents, and the adrange of movement the varying parts of the revantages of flexibility of control characteristic sistor section 15 are connected in series with 15 of a potentiometer connected field winding. the field winding l4 between the contact member Other objects and advantages of my invention l9 and the conductor 32. will be apparent from the following description A primary relay 30 is provided having an arm of certain embodiments thereof, reference being 31 carrying a contact member 38 at one end that had to the accompanying drawings, in which: is adapted to engage one of the fixed contact 20 Figure 1 is a diagrammatic view illustrating members 4| or 42, and having an armature 43 apparatus and circuits embodying the invention, connected to the other end thereof adapted to Figs. 2, 3 and 4 are diagrammatic views illusbe urged against the force of a spring 44 in actrating the operation of the regulator illustrated cordance with the energization of the relay windin Fig. l, and ing 45 that is connected to be energized in ac- 5 Figs. 5 and 6 are diagrammatic views illustratcordance with the voltage between line circuit ing other embodiments of the invention. conductors 3 and 5. If the regulated quantity,

Referring to Fig. l, a generator I is illustrated which, in this case, is the voltage between conhaving an armature winding 2 connected to ductors 3 and 5, drops below its desired value,

three-phase circuit conductors 3, 4 and 5 and a the energization of the winding 45 decreases, 30 field winding 6 connected to be supplied from an thus decreasing the force on the armature 43 and exciter generator I having an armature winding permitting the greater force of the spring 44 to 8 and a field winding 9. The winding 9 is supmove the relay arm 31 in a counter-clockwise diplied with excitation current from a pilot generrection to cause engagement of the contact memator 12 having an armature winding [3 and a ber 38 with the contact member 42 to complete field winding l4. A control mechanism is proa circuit from the battery 46 through conductor vided comprising a resistor having two sections 41, the contact members 38 and 42, the motor l5 and I6 provided, respectively, with contact field winding 48 and the armature winding to buttons I1 and 8 that a adapted to be a d the battery 46 to cause the motor 24 to operate y a movable Contact member 19 Carried y in a direction to move the rheostat arm 22 in a 40 rheostat arm 22 and actuated by means of gear counter-clockwise direction to decrease the mechanism 23 in accordance with the Operation amount of the resistor section l5 that is in cir-,

of a pilot motor The Contact arm 22 is cuit with the field winding [4 and increase the also provided with a contact member 25 that is energization of the winding to thereby increase 45 adapted f i it conltactdsesgment 26 f t i the excitation of the pilot generator I2, exciter 2551323123 252? 5355plfidaniifiii ptltifis generator 1 and of the main machine when of its travel. The position represented by the the g i fiz f f i gii gf i 2 1 dotted line 29 is a transition point for changing mac 2: 1 i f f th M field winding circuit connections, as will be later W1 j e Orce o e splmg 50 explaine causing separation of the contact member 38 With the rheostat arm in the position illusfrom engagement wlt h the Contact member 42 t t in Fig 1 t field Winding M is connect to interrupt the circuit through the pilot motor ed in the circuit extending from one terminal 24 a d p the rheostat arm 22 in its new p of the pilot generator armature winding l3 tion. Any suitable anti-hunting means of known 55 r of the pilot motor 24 and the armature winding thereof to the battery 46, to cause the pilot motor 24 to operate the rheostat arm 22 in a clockwise direction to increase the part of the resistor section l that is includedin series with the field winding M of the pilot generator, thereby decreasing the excitation of the machines l2, 1 and I.

In many situations it is necessary to decrease.

the excitation of the pilot exciter below its residual excitation value, that is to reverse the direction of the field winding current to bring the output voltage of the pilot exciter close to or below zero value. It will be noted that the-end of the resistor section l5 terminating in the contact button 52 is connected by conductor 53 to the contact segment 28, and that the adjacent end of the resistor portion "5 is connected to the segment 26 by conductortfi. When, therefore, the rheostat arm 22 has moved in a clockwise direction sufiiciently to include the whole of the resistor section l5 in series with thepilot generator field winding l4 and continues to move in that direction, the rheostat contact member l9 moves from the contact button 52 at one end of the resistor portion l5 to the contact button 54 at the adjacent end of the resistor portion !6, the circuit through the bridging contact member 25 interrupts the circuit through the conductor 35 in shunt relation to the resistor l6 and connects the two resistor portions l5 and l 6 in series circuit relation, as indicated diagrammatically in Fig. 3. When the rheostat contact member l 9 isin engagement with the contact button 54 both ends of the field winding M are connected to the conducting segment 26, thus decreasing the field curent' to zero. A further movement of the rheostat arm 22 in a clockwise direction causes the rheostat contact member l9 to travel along the successive contact buttons l8 to'include varying parts of the resistor portion I6Vin shunt relation to the field winding I5 to increase the'field winding current in: the opposite direction to that which is obtained when the contact member l9 was in engagement with one of the resistor buttons l7 associated with the resistor portion [5. Thus the energization of the field Winding I4 is reversed, the resistor portions [5 and I6 being connected in series between the terminals of the pilot exciter armature l3'to form'a potentiometer. This range of operationof the rheostat arm 22 is represented by the connectionsillustrated in Fig. 4.

Referring to Fig. 5, a regulator system is provided corresponding to that illustrated in Fig. 1

with the additional provision of field forcing means. In Fig. 5 the connections of the field winding 14 to the resistor portions I5 and I6 is shown schematically after the fashion illustrated in ,Figs. 2,3 and 4. An auxiliary exciter field winding 56 is provided that is adapted to be connected by relay 5? or 58 to the armature winding l3 of the pilotexciter during operation of the'rheostat arm 22, if the variation in the regulated quantity from its desired value is sufiiment of the contact members 64 and 65, a circuit will be completed from the battery 46 through conductor 41,. the contact members 64 and 65, conductor 66, the winding of the relay 58 and conductor fi'l'to the other terminal of the battery 46 to operate the relay 58 to its circuit closing position to complete a circuit from the positive terminal of the armature l3 of the exciter genere ator through conductor 68, relay contact member 69, conductor H, the auxiliary field'winding .56, conductor 72, resistor 16, relay contact member 13 and conductor 14 tothe negative terminal of the exciter armature winding 6 to supply cur- .rent to the auxiliary field winding 56 in a direction to boost the excitation caused by-the field winding I4, to thus increase the excitation of the pilot exciter more rapidly than would be occasioned by movement of the rheostat arm 22 alone, This boosting or'field forcing takes place while the motor 24 is operating to move the rheostat arm 22 in the manner above explained to in- V crease the excitation of the field winding I41 If the voltage between conductors 3 and 5 increases above its desired value sufiiciently tocause the relay contact member 31 to move in a clockwise direction sufilciently to cause engagement of the contact members 62 and 63, a circuit is completed from one terminal of the battery 46, through conductor 41, contact members 62 and 63, conductor 75, the winding of the relay 51' and conductor 61 to the other terminal of the battery 46 to operate the relay 5! to its circuit closing position. Such operation of the relay 51 completes a circuit from the positiveterminal. of the armature winding I3 through conductor 68, the relay contact member I6, resistor 18, conductor l2, auxiliary field winding 56, conductor H, relay contact members TI and conductor "#4 to the negative terminal of the armature winding l3 to energize the auxiliary field winding 56 in the opposite direction from that resulting from closure of the relay 58, to buck the excitation of the main field winding I4 and cause the excitation of the pilot exciter to decrease more rapidly thanwould beoccasioned by movement of the rheostat contact arm 22 alone. 7

Another embodiment of'the invention showing a modified field forcing connection is'illustrated in Fig. 6. It will be, noted that in Fig.5, the resistor portions l5 and I6 are'shown connected as in Figs- 1' and 2, and in Fig. fi'these resistor por tions are shown permanently connected. in series and a resistor 83 being connected between the 6 other terminal thereof and the conductor 34 that is connected to the resistor consisting oi: portions I5 and Ill. Field forcing relays 84 and 85 are provided which in their illustrated position complete a circuit in shunt relation to the resistors 82 and 83. The circuit in shunt relation to resistor 82 extends through conductor 86, relay con tact members 81 and 83 and conductor 89, and the circuit in shunt relation to resistor 83 extends through conductor 92, relay contact members 93 and 94 and conductor 85. With the contact arm 22 in the illustrated position, the circuit through the field winding l4 extends from the positive terminal of the armature winding l3 through the left-hand part of resistor portion l5, contact member is, conductor 89, relay contact members 88 and ill, conductor 8%, the. field winding l4, conductor 92, relay contact members 53 and 94, conductors 35 and 3d and through the resistor portion IE to the other terminal of the armature winding 53. If the voltage between conductors 3 and 5 decreases to permit the relay arm 3'! to move in a counter-clockwise direction sufficiently to cause engagement of the contact members 64 and 65, a circuit is completed through these contact members and the winding of the field forcing relay 84 to actuate the relay upwardly from its illustrated position to short circuit the left part of the resistor portion l5 and increase the excitation of the field winding abruptly. This circuit extends from the positive terminal of the armature winding i3 through conductor 95, the relay contact member '5, conductor 85, the winding l4, conductor 82, relay contact member 98 and conductor 99 to the negative terminal of the exciter generator l3 and impresses the full exciter generator armature voltage on the field winding M to rapidly increase the excitation thereof while the rheostat arm 22 is being actuated by the motor 24 in a direction to maintain an increased excitation thereof. As the regulated quantity approaches its desired value, the circuit through relay contact members 54 and 65 is again interrupted and the field forcing relay 84 drops to its illustrated position interrupting the above traced circuit through relay contact members 91 and 98 and reestablishing the above traced field winding circuit through relay contact members 81 and 93 that is controlled by the position of the rheostat arm 22.

If the voltage between conductors 3 and 5 increases above its desired value sufliciently to cause the relay arm 31 to move in a clockwise direction to cause engagement of the contact members 62 and 53, a circuit is completed through the winding of the field forcing relay 85. Thus While the rheostat arm 22 is being moved by the motor 24 in a direction to decrease the excitation of the field winding I 4, a circuit is completed by the field forcing relay 85 extending from the positive terminal of the pilot exciter armature winding [3 through conductor 9E, relay contact member I02, conductor 92, field winding l4, conductor 86, relay contact member IE3 and conductor 99 to the negative terminal of the armature winding !3 to apply full pilot exciter armature voltage to the field winding 14 in the reverse direction. An abrupt change in excitation is thus effected during the operation of the pilot motor 24 to move the rheostat contact member l9 to a position to decrease the field winding excitation to a lesser value. The purpose of the resistors 82 and 83 is to provide a permanent connection between the terminals of the field winding l4 and the armature winding l3, so that upon operation of the field forcing relays B4 and 85, as above described, the field winding circuit is never interrupted but is modified to cause the above described changes in the field winding current.

Many modifications in the apparatus and cir cuits illustrated may be provided within the scope of my invention and I do not wish to be limited otherwise than by the scope of the appended claims.

I claim as my invention:

1. In a regulator system. a dynamo-electric machine having a field winding, means for controlling the excitation of said field winding comprising a resistor having two sections, means responsive to the regulated quantity for introducing varying parts of one resistor section in series with the field winding over a predetermined range in the required excitation of said machine, and for connecting said two resistor sections in series and varying the connection of said field winding in shunt relation to a portion of said resistor over another predetermined range in the required excitation of said machine.

2. In a regulator system, a dynamo-electric machine having a field winding, means for controlling the excitations of said field winding comprising a resistor having two sections, means responsive to the regulated quantity for intro-- ducing varying parts of one resistor section in series with the field winding to control the excitation of said machine above the residual magnetism thereof and for connecting said two resistor sections in series and varying the connection of said field winding in shunt relation to portion of said resistor for controlling the es:- citation of said machine below its residual ma,- netism.

3. In a regulator system. a dynamo-electric machine having a field winding, means for controlling the excitation oi. said field winding comprising a resistor having two sections, means responsive to the regulated quantity for shunting one of said resistor sections from said field winding circuit and for introducing varying parts of one resistor section in series with the field winding to control the current through said field winding in one direction, said means being effective to connect said two resistor sections in series circuit relation and for varying the field circuit connections in shunt relation to said first named resistor sections for controlling the current through said field winding in the other direction.

4. In a regulator system, a dynamo-electric machine having a field winding, means for controlling the excitation of said field winding comprising a resistor having two sections, means responsive to the regulated quantity for introducing varying parts of the other resistor section in series with the field winding over a predetermined range in the required excitation of said machine, said means being effective upon a decrease in the required excitation below a value corresponding to the inclusion of the whole of said second named resistor section in said field winding circuit for connecting said two resistor sections in series and for short circuiting said field winding, and for thereafter connecting the field winding in shunt relation to a variable portion of said resistor with a polarity to reverse the direction of current through said field winding.

5. In a regulator system, in combination, a dynamo-electric machine having a field winding, means for controlling the excitation of said field Winding comprising a resistor having two sections, one end of one section being connected to one armature terminal and one end of the other section being connected to the other armature terminal, means responsive to the regulated quantity for establishing a circuit through said'field Winding in series circuit relation with a variable part of one of said sections for varying the excitation over a predetermined range, and for es-V tablishing a circuit through said fieldwinding in shunt relation to a variable part of one of said generator comprising a motor operated mechanism controlled in response to the voltage of said generator, said mechanism including a resistor having'two'sections, means for establishing a circuit through one of said sections in series with the exciter field winding and for varying the resistance thereof for controlling the excitation over a predetermined range, and means for establishing a circuit through said two resistor sections and for varying the connection of theexciter field winding in shunt relation to varying portions thereof for controlling the excitation over another predetermined range.

'7. In a regulator system, incombination, a dynamo-electric machine having a field Winding, means for controlling the excitation of said field winding comprising a regulating resistor having two sections, mechanism for establishing a circuit through said field winding in series'circuit relation with a variable part of one of said sections for controlling the excitation over a predetermined range and ,for establishing a circuit through said field winding in shunt relation to a variable part of one of said resistor sections in a direction to reverse the direction of field excitation for controlling the excitation over'another predetermined range, and control means resaid mechanism.

sponsive to the regulated quantity for governing 8; In a regulator system, in combination, a dynamo-electric machine having a field Winding, means for controlling the excitation of said field Winding comprising a regulating resistor having two sections, mechanism for establishing a circuit through said field winding in series circuit relation with a variable part of one of said sections for controlling the excitation over a predetermined range, and for establishing a circuit through said field winding in shunt relation to a variable part of one of said resistor sections in a direction to reverse the direction of field excitation for controlling the excitation over another predetermined range, and control means re-' sponsive to the regulated quantity for governing said mechanism, and means responsive toa predetermined variation in the regulated quantity for effecting an abrupt change in excitation during operation of said mechanism.

9. In a regulator system, in combination, a dynamo-electric machine having a field Winding, means for controlling the excitation of saidfield Winding comprising a regulating resistor having two sections, mechanism for establishing a circuit through said field winding in series circuit relation with a variable part of one of said sections for controlling the excitation over a pre-' determined range and for establishing a circuit through said field winding in shunt relation to a variable part of one of said resistor sections in a direction for reversing the direction of field excitation for controlling the excitation over another predetermined range, control means responsive to the regulated quantity for governing said mechanism, and means responsive to a predetermined variationin the regulated quantity from its "desired'value for shunting said regulating resistor from the field winding circuitfor effecting a sudden change in the supplied excitation during the operation of said mechanism.

EDWIN L. HARDER. 

